Just as it may be optimal to regulate firms that produce negative externalities, it may be optimal to provide subsidy to firms that produce positive externalities. This paper studies the optimal provision of subsidy to maximize the value of these externalities, and also whether there are policy...

We address the problem of optimal form and timing of FDI subsidy, and the impact of competition on these. We find that the optimal subsidy must include an element of discouragement against delaying the timing of the investment for the firm to prevent the firm from extracting rent from the host...

The non‐normality of financial asset returns has important implications for hedging. In particular, in contrast with the unambiguous effect that minimum‐variance hedging has on the standard deviation, it can actually increase the negative skewness and kurtosis of hedge portfolio returns....