The purpose of this paper is to examine the most appropriate slaughtering time for deer from an economic perspective under the following conditions: (1) standard deer farming and temporal deer farming; (2) unit price of venison is constant and is a function of age in months (3) grazing and pen...

This paper presents an overview of the current conditions of livestock-related environmental problems in Japan. The former Basic Agriculture Act, which was effective between 1961 and 1999, promoted single cropping, the use of chemicals in agricultural methods, and the use of large-sized...