Previous studies have suggested that some pollutant levels first increase due to the economic growth and then start decreasing, the pattern being called the "environmental Kuznets curve" (EKC). We examine EKC-type transitions of pollutant levels not with respect to economic growth but more...

The ‘environmental Kuznets curve' (EKC) refers to an inverted-U-shaped relationship between some pollutant level and per capita income, i.e., the environmental quality deteriorates at early stages of economic growth and subsequently improves at a later stage. Since the early 1990s, a...