a parametric survival model and apply the proposed framework to the Kyoto Protocol ratification process. Our data sample … covers 164 countries for the period 1998 to 2009. We find evidence that, while countries’ ratification decisions are … basically strategic substitutes, they become strategic complements once we focus on the ratification decisions of specific peers …

164 countries for the period from 1998 to 2009. We find evidence that, while countries' ratification decisions are … originally strategic substitutes, they became strategic complements when we focus on the ratification decisions of specific peers. …

commitments? Based on the political cycles theory, we argue that leaders have incentives to delay costly ratification of … pre-electoral period. These hypotheses are assessed empirically by studying the ratification process of 41 global …—a significant challenge in political cycles studies. Our investigation reveals the existence of political ratification cycles that …

on the political cycles theory we argue that leaders have incentives to delay costly ratification of international …-electoral period. These hypotheses are empirically assessed by studying the ratification process of 48 global environmental agreements … investigation reveals the existence of political ratification cycles that are of substantial magnitude and non-linear over the pre …

on the political cycles theory we argue that leaders have incentives to delay costly ratification of international …-electoral period. These hypotheses are empirically assessed by studying the ratification process of 48 global environmental agreements … investigation reveals the existence of political ratification cycles that are of substantial magnitude and non-linear over the pre …