The present volatile environment demands new ways of thinking and new tools for project planning, appraisal, and investment decisions for large scale port infrastructures. This paper proposes real options-based adaptive port planning which provides a framework for the planner to first identify...

The evolving function of a port, and many logistical, technological, and economic uncertainties under which it must operate, make the planning and design of these complex socio-technical infrastructures very challenging. A Master Plan of a port is the instrument by which the port's (expansion)...

Empirischer Beweis der Äquivalenzhypothese Ricardos In diesem Artikel wird der empirische Beweis der auf dem Konsumentenverhalten basierenden Äquivalenz-(oder Schuldenneutralitäts-)hypothese Ricardos überprüft. Die verschiedenen Prüfverfahren werden kritisch besprochen und die...

National policymakers are increasingly aware that their tax policy options are constrained by international tax competition. Important features of national tax systems - notably the tax mix, tax rates and rules which define the tax base - will influence decisions of firms and individuals...

The European Union is legally entitled to the revenue from (1) agricultural and sugar levies, (2) customs duties, (3) a 1 percent rate on each Member States' value added tax base, and (4) a resource on the basis of GNP. Currently, the Union is actively involved in the search for a fifth own...