trends. It finds that, all sample countries except Germany applied expansionary expenditure policies. This resulted in much …. - Expenditure policies ; public debt ; expenditure rules ; sustainability ; fiscal stance …

trends. It finds that, all sample countries except Germany applied expansionary expenditure policies. This resulted in much …

, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal, over the sample period 1999-2016, i.e., the EMU period. The main … outcome of fiscal shocks is strongly related to debt levels. The Euro-area countries included in the investigation are Greece … (And Should) Germany Do It? Spillovers of German Fiscal Policies in the Euro Area -- 7 The labor market outcomes of …

area countries now under financial market pressure. (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy = GIPSY). The key finding … satisfy the Stability Pact. By contrast, Ireland and Spain face more of a liquidity than a solvency problem. Italy seems to … is that the adjustment will be particularly difficult for Greece (and Portugal) because these are two relatively closed …