There is substantial evidence that with the progressive global decline in tariffs over several decades, trade costs are a more significant barrier to trade than tariffs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper decomposes trade costs into three categories: costs that can be lowered by trade...

How large are the estimated gains from trade from a reduction in trade costs in the heterogeneous firms Melitz (M) model compared with the Armington (A) and Krugman (K) models? Surprisingly little is known beyond the one-sector model. This paper analyzes this question using a global trade model...

This paper estimates the impacts on The Philippines of deep integration in a modern mega-preferential trade agreement, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The paper assesses how the results differ with three versions of market structure: (i) perfect competition, Armington style; (ii)...

Die Verfasser untersuchen die wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen einer Zollunion von Volkswirtschaften in der Transformation am Beispiel der von Rußland, Weißrußland, Kasachstan und Kirgistan gebildeten Zollunion. Sie stellen zunächst das gegenwärtig die GUS-Staaten verknüpfende Handelsregime...

Recent reforms in trade policy in Turkey have produced a foreign trade regime that exhibits very little anti-export bias on average. A quantitative, multisectoral general equilibrium model of policy reform, based on first-best rationales that would not now be appropriate. Further tariff...