This article examines firms’ innovation activities in response to U.S. technology-forcing auto emissions standards enacted between 1970 and 1998. Patent applications in automobile emission control technologies were used as a measure of firms’ innovative responses to regulatory pressures. In...

Purpose: This paper aims to help executives understand how to interact with government in today’s chaotic political environment. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based upon voluminous research analyzing a unique data set downloaded from a number of sources, including the financial...

This article uses a carefully screened patent database in automobile emission control technologies and a detailed regulatory action analysis to examine firms’ innovation in response to U.S. technology-forcing auto emissions standards enacted between 1970 and 1998. The study finds that under...