Substantial literature has been devoted to supply chain coordination. The majority of this literature ignores competition between supply chains. Moreover, a significant part of this literature focuses on coordination that induce the supply chain members to follow strategies that produce the...

Consider the need to currently locate p facilities but it is possible that up to q additional facilities will have to be located in the future. There are known probabilities that 0 [less-than-or-equals, slant] r [less-than-or-equals, slant] q facilities will need to be located. The...