Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Peter, Klara Sabirianova - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006
find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 …This study is the first to provide a systematic measure of bribery using micro-level data on reported earnings … employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector …