Markups are often much higher on aftermarket products than on corresponding durable goods. Many theoretical explanations of this phenomenon have been advanced, but little empirical work has tested them. Using data on laser printer toner and memory pricing, this paper sheds some empirical light...

The authors analyze the judicial concept of private property through the angle of law texts. There are presented and interpreted the judicial characters, the attributes and the limits of the judicial concept of provate propery, as they are defined in the Civil Code.

According to New Institutional Economics, transactional activities, governance structures, institutions and beliefs and values are related hierarchally. Williamson (2000) formalizes this framework to show that each governing level must be aligned with the adjacent level for transaction costs to...