This paper aims to investigate the relationship between commuting and spatial labour market developments in the … commuting flows, public transport, especially the train, is a more environmentally-benign mode of transport, compared with the … system, which can provide more opportunities for sustainable commuting patterns, may lead to favourable employment …

We describe an unsupervised method for delineating functional labour market areas (LMAs) in national commuting networks … classification stabilities. We demonstrate our method using historical Census commuting data from New Zealand. …

opportunities, local labour market conditions have been a notable omission from much of the empirical literature on commuting … female employment, the less time women spend commuting. On average the 'female friendliness' of the local labour market has …

administrative data, we define local labour markets (LLMs) based on the worker's commuting outcomes, gender and educational …