Re-open EU was a web platform and mobile application providing updated, official information on travel and health measures adopted in EU and Schengen Associated countries in response to COVID-19. When the pandemic broke out, EU countries imposed lockdowns and exceptional restrictive measures,...

Two models may be draw up of coalitions of the willing. The first model is epitomized by the group of countries assembled by the United States for the mobilization of the 2003 Iraq war. The second model is the form of coalition associated with the anti-personnel landmines campaign and the...

This paper examines the 3D (defence, diplomacy, and development) framework for humanitarian interventions in weak states and/or conflict situations. It accepts that there are some considerable strengths built into this strategic concept for it privileges both a whole of government approach and...