International relations is considered an important aspect in the development of an economy and of a region by providing them opportunities to work together to address economic, social, political issues, environmental, and security issues. It allows economies to share information, technology, and...

This Working Paper provides a concrete illustration of how the existing international financial architecture could be activated more fully to mobilize the large sums required to respond decisively to the “great divergence” in COVID-19 crisis recovery between advanced and developing countries...

Achieving the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires efforts for rapidly reducing GHG emissions while also increasing CO2 removals by sinks. G20 countries have a crucial role to play in increasing climate policy ambition. Land use change contributes 15 % of current global...

To achieve the turnaround towards carbon neutrality, countries need to take much more ambitious action in this decade. One of the key fields of action is the transition of the energy sector –from fossil to renewable fuels, while drastically reducing energy consumption. This paperdiscusses...