We show that the use of the real effective exchange rate to test for purchasing power parity, as in Astorga (2012) and other studies, is subject to a problem that biases tests against finding evidence of PPP. The problem is illustrated using Astorga´s data on six Latin American countries.

Empirical studies of the relation between uncertainty and the length of union-firm contracts have focused on the effects of inflation, money-supply, or industry-specific uncertainty. This article describes two extensions of previous work. First, real, aggregate uncertainty arising from oil...