This article empirically verifies the existence of a connection between the relationship-oriented model and the quality of the loan portfolio, by using alternative risk measures to previous studies. Consistently with earlier literature, bank size, distance and intensity of labour are used as...

Most of the studies available on relationship lending focuses on the benefits for borrowers and neglects those achievable for banks. In particular, empirical studies on the benefits achieved for banks in terms of loans recovery rate, in connection with loss given default rate, are very few. In...

This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of the enforcement actions (sanctions) imposed by supervisory authorities for banks. Focusing on a sample of Italian banks between 2005 and 2012, we found 302 sanctions regarding 3,588 persons (i.e. Board of directors, Top Managers, and Chief...

Enforcement actions (or sanctions) pursue two complementary goals, namely to penalize guilty companies and to provide an example to other companies that bad behaviour will be penalized. Although the recent financial crisis showed that this topic is critical in banking, only a few papers (e.g....