This article further develops a framework of Brander and Spencer (1984) by adding Border Carbon Adjustments (BCA) to compensate for cost differences caused by emissions reduction among countries. On a level playing field, BCA is one-directional in that only a country with a more stringent carbon...

In this paper, I suggest that text mining analysis of regional trade agreements (RTAs) can be a suitable methodology to develop a tangible measure of convergence between RTAs. By utilizing well-established text similarity concepts in related literatures, I attempt to investigate how much RTAs in...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to take several key determinants of exports into consideration and to propose an empirical model to identify which factors affect firms' export performance, whether to start exporting (export extensity) and how much they will export...