Water and energy in the agricultural sector must be used efficiently to obtain sustainable agriculture, which also leads to economical savings. This also has a positive influence on the conservation of fossil resources and the reduction of contamination. Automation in irrigation systems permits...

Among the methodologies that analyze the energy and mass exchange during the evapotranspiration process, the micrometeorological methods provide one of the best tools to elaborate models and to understand the interaction process between crop and environment. Concretely, the Bowen ratio–energy...

The parameters to be taken into account when installing a drip irrigation system include the diameters of piping to be used in the irrigation installation. Certain applications developed for PC permit an approximate calculation of these diameters outside the installation environment, which makes...

Irrigation scheduling and automation are usually conducted using models that are based on the measurement of the soil water content. In this sense, water balance has established itself as a good indicator of the growth and development of crops and is currently used in several automatic...

To obtain a greater amount of food by increasing the land yield, it is a common farming practice to apply fertilisers, the selection and cost of which are subject to intensive research. This study presents a new software application named “Optifer”, which permits the calculation of the least...

The fundamental principle of adequate irrigation management is to satisfy crop water requirements while optimizing agronomic profits with the lowest possible consumption of water. Based on this idea, new techniques have been incorporated into different irrigation scheduling approaches. Among...

Generally, most pressure irrigation systems require efficient management of water and energy, particularly in systems installed on golf courses. Golf courses have high water requirements throughout the year because the grass has to be maintained in optimum conditions for adequate play...

Measurement of soil moisture is a fundamental parameter for irrigation scheduling. In order to determine this parameter, many types of sensors are employed. Some of these sensors for soil moisture measurements are based on electric resistivity. Measurements are affected by many factors including...

For optimal, cost-saving management of irrigation water, precise knowledge is required of the overall water consumption made by the different species and varieties of plants existing in the area, under different conditions of climate, soil, etc. The most accurate way to determine this water...

Image processing and computer vision are increasingly being used in water management applications in agriculture. Images can provide valuable information on the percentage of ground cover, which is essential in determining crop irrigation needs. Techniques based on color analysis allow...