The COVID-19 pandemic and the pressure it has created on member states' public finances have led European authorities to suspend the EU's fiscal rules. In fact, these rules had long been criticised by academics and had only been abided by exceptionally. Beyond the rules themselves, the lessons...

[fre] Depuis 1999, le débat sur l’adéquation de la zone euro aux critères d’une ZMO n’est plus de mise. Il n’en subsiste pas moins un débat sur les risques d’une politique monétaire unique one size fits all conduite dans une zone économique et financière encore hétérogène....

[eng] From the EMS to a Single Currency . An Analysis of the Monetary Aspects of the Treaty . Advocated by its instigators as creating a stable zone in Europe, the EMS has mainly strengthened the alignment of European economies with a low-inflation growth model. In the early 1990s, the EMS...

The COVID-19 pandemic and the pressure it has created on member states’ public finances have led European authorities to suspend the EU’s fiscal rules. In fact, these rules had long been criticised by academics and had only been abided by exceptionally. Beyond the rules themselves, the...