Existing studies have mainly focused on pricing in either primary markets or aftermarkets. However, in practice, prices in primary markets and aftermarkets are closely correlated. This study examines the joint pricing strategy in both primary markets and aftermarkets based on customer utility...

As a unique environmental regulation in China, the official accountability audit was piloted in 2014. With a focus on prioritizing the ecological environment, officials in pilot districts have implemented economic construction, adjusted industrial structures, and promoted coordinated development...

In this paper, we first discuss the space frame of multidimensional dynamic credit evaluation (MDCE) theoretically, and then propose the conception of identical credit status and pseudo-identical credit status. Taking advantage of space conformational analysis and optimization techniques, a...

A line of credit is one of the most flexible financing tools for companies. Banks give companies lines of credit to strengthen their profitability and competitive ability. On the other hand, companies draw the lines of credit that will increase banks' credit risk. It is very difficult for banks...