This article empirically explores whether and how providing consumers with detailed access to their past food purchase data at different levels of aggregation affects their subsequent food purchase behavior. We employ unique data covering more than 84,000 quarterly observations on Finnish...

The Data Act, coming into effect in September 2025, imposes new obligations on manufacturers of connected products and providers of related services. This report provides insights into the markets affected by the Data Act and evaluates the scope of business activity it covers in Finland. Large...

Research and development (R&D) tax credits are widely employed among the OECD countries to promote business sector investments in innovation. The implementation of R&D tax credit schemes, however, varies across countries. The empirical research on the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives suggests...

This study investigates the impact of firm-level investments in data assets on productivity growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing matched employer-employee data of 13,609 Finnish firms for 2015-2020. Our estimation results indicate that firms with greater pre-pandemic investments in...

This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies. The results show that most of the supported companies would not have needed the subsidy, as they would have remained profitable also in the absence of it....

Pro-competitive forces have driven industrialised countries to converge in telecommunication market liberalisation. By 2001, the cellular mobile markets were open to competition throughout the OECD area. Only two OECD countries had a monopoly operator providing fixed-line telecommunication...

This paper studies the effects of a country’s regulatory setting and competitive environment on the performance of second-generation (2G) mobile telecommunication. We consider three dimensions of sector performance: entry time, service prices and diffusion. We address the question of...