A capacious and reliable electric transmission grid is vital to public health and safety, the economy, and national security. The recent shift from local generation and use of electric power to regional and national markets in electric production requires substantially augmented transmission...

Heterogeneous interconnections, which link regulated electricity markets to liberalised ones, are becoming increasingly important. Several such interconnections are set to be established in the near future especially between European and North African countries (e.g., Tunisia-Italy,...