Since the implementation of the open-door policy in China, many Hong Kong-based manufacturers' production lines have moved to China to take advantage of the lower production cost, lower wages, and lower rental costs, and thus, the finished products must be transported from China to Hong Kong. It...

Sea transportation is a competitive service industry. All shipping companies compete via freight rates, transit time and service quality. Since a shipping line pays substantial operational expenses to maintain its container fleet, it is important that shippers plan and schedule efficiently the...

One of the significant effects of the implementation of an open-door policy in China is that many Hong Kong-based manufacturers' production lines have been moved to China to take advantage of the lower production costs, lower wages and lower rental costs, but as a consequence the finished...