Since 1914, incumbent U.S. senators running for reelection have won almost 80% of the time. We investigate why incumbents win so often. We allow for three potential explanations for the incumbency advantage: selection, tenure, and challenger quality, which are separately identified using...

We compare two established jury selection procedures meant to safeguard against the inclusion of biased jurors, that are also perceived as causing minorities to be under-represented in juries. The Strike and Replace procedure presents potential jurors one-by-one to the parties, while the Struck...

Using a survey of 5,504 respondents from 22 European countries, we examine preferences regarding cash and cashless payments at the point of sale (POS) during the COVID-19 crisis. Consumers favor cashless transactions when they believe that handling cash presents a higher risk of infection....

This chapter surveys the theoretical literature on statistical discrimination and affirmative action. This literature suggests different explanations for the existence and persistence of group inequality. This survey highlights such differences and describes in these contexts the effects of...

Research on relationship lending has focused attention on economic factors. No previous work, however, has examined the role of trust in lender-borrower relationships. Trust may be expected to reduce transaction costs and agency costs, and thereby influence the availability of credit (i.e....

Existing research approaches the return on investment expected by entrepreneurs from the perspective of the investor. This paper argues that this perspective is inadequate when applied to entrepreneurs of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In fact, return on equity cannot be ascertained...

This chapter surveys the theoretical literature on statistical discrimination and affirmative action. This literature suggests different explanations for the existence and persistence of group inequality. This survey highlights such differences and describes in these contexts the effects of...

This paper develops and estimates a search model of the labor market where jobs are characterized by wages and work-hours flexibility. Flexibility is valued by workers, and is costly to provide for employers. The model generates observed wage distributions directly related to the preference for...

This paper argues that the existing finance literature is inadequate with respect to its coverage of capital structure of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular it is argued that the cost of equity (being both conceptually ill defined and empirically non quantifiable) is not...

This handbook provides a complete guide to the New European Bauhaus self-assessment method, designed to promote sustainability, beauty, and inclusiveness in the built environment of Europe and beyond. The handbook comes together with an online tool allowing to evaluate the performance of...