The notions of instrument, intermediate target and final target are defined in the context of the cointegrated VAR. A target variable is said to be controllable if it can be made stationary around a desired target value by using the instrument. This can be expressed as a condition on the...

The focus is on nominal transmission mechanisms in Italy with special reference to monetary effects and how they have changed with the increased economic integration in Europe and the increased independence of Italian Central Bank. The empirical model investigates the dynamic determination of...

Some recent developments in the macroeconometric model analysis of time series are discussed in the light of the monograph by Haavelmo (1944). A brief overview of some important works in this area during the last three decades is given, and the importance of the widespread use of personal...

We describe the concept of cointegration, its implications in modelling and forecasting, and discuss inference procedures appropriate in integrated-cointegrated vector autoregressive processes (VARs). Particular attention is paid to the properties of VARs, to the modelling of deterministic...

The focus is on ’explosive root VAR’ modelling of money, prices, wages, and exchange rates applied to the Jugoslav high inflation/hyperinflation transition period from a centrally planned economy to a more market oriented economy. The I(2) model, which has previously been used to estimate...

This paper develops some new tests for structural hypotheses in the framework of a multivariate error correction model with Gausian errors. The tests are constructed by an analysis of the likelihood function and motivated by an empirical investigation of the PPP relation and the UIP relation for...

The concept of a well defined statistical model for the data generating process is given an empirical formulation in the vector autoregressive model under assumption of cointegration in an analysis of prices, interest rates and exchange rates between Denmark and Germany. The long-run relations...

In this paper we investigate the extent to which a number of key parity conditions hold within and between the USA and Japan. Previous research has demonstrated that the nonstationarity of the "simple" parity conditions was related to the nonstationarity of the real exchange rate, reflecting the...

The paper discusses the determination of wages, prices, productivity and unemployment in the Euro-wide area in the post Bretton Woods period. The econometric results provide strong evidence on a regime shift at the start of the EMS and the empirical analysis is done separately for the two...