Employee stock options represent a significant potential source of dilution for many shareholders. It is well known that reported earnings tend to understate the associated costs, but an efficient stock market will show no such bias. If by contrast stock prices underestimate the future costs...

Recent advances in incentive theory stress the multi- dimensional nature of agent effort and particularly the case where workers can improve the performance of others through `helping' efforts. This paper provides a simple model of an agent's incentive to help depending on the compensation...