This paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on the Finnish economy, integrating recent literature and empirical evidence into a quantitative multi-sector general equilibrium model. The results indicate that, over a ten-year horizon, GenAI adoption...

In this article, I evaluate the challenges related to the European Commission’s output gap method of calculating the structural budgetary position, and assess its bottom-up alternatives in the EU’s fiscal framework using the Finnish data for the years 1984-2014. The results reinforce the...

We assess the potential impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) based on the European Commission's proposal presented in 2021. The CBAM products are divided into four categories: cement, fertilizers, iron and steel products, and aluminium products. In terms of production and...

This report employs individual-level register data to study the coverage and amounts of voluntary term life insurances, the monetary losses following from the death of a breadwinner, and the life insurance gap arising as the difference of the two. The data include information on the life...

The EU's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been shown to have reduced emissions in the participating countries and industries since its adoption in 2005. However, there is less evidence on the shifting of production outside EU to avoid emission controls. We study this so-called carbon leakage...