Research shows that innovations contribute to a firm's performance such as market value. However, research is less specific concerning how innovations contribute to market value. Simplistic assumptions are often made such as additivity, which assumes that the bundle of innovations can be...

Many financial theories emphasize the positive relationship between information disclosure and firm performance. However, disclosure of information can harm a firm if others make strategic use of the information. In this paper, we test the effect of information disclosure on performance. Using a...

Decrease of chlorophyll and photosynthetic efficiency co-occur during aging-leaf senescence. Here, we reported the positive functions of melatonin (MT) on delaying leaf senescence of cucumber plants. Results showed that natural leaf senescence induced the accumulation of endogenous MT and...

This paper presents three-dimensional modified micromixers with staggered E-shape mixing units. Numerical analysis shows that an excellent mixing performance can be achieved in three-dimensional staggered E-shape mixers (3D SEMs) based on splitting-and-recombine (SAR) and chaotic advection...

The consensus on sustainable development is now global. However, carbon risk constrains the operation, investment and financing activities of enterprises. Is carbon risk beneficial for enterprises to improve investment efficiency? Can carbon regulations result in a win–win situation for both...

With the increasingly stringent global restrictions on carbon emissions, enterprises are facing increasing carbon risks, which would drive up enterprise costs. However, at the same time, the increase of carbon risks may also force enterprises to improve investment efficiency by optimizing...

Researchers have increasingly realized the need to account for within-group dependence in estimating standard errors of regression parameter estimates. The usual solution is to calculate cluster-robust standard errors that permit heteroskedasticity and within-cluster error correlation, but...

We examine the multinational firm from the lens of coevolutionary theory. Coevolutionary theory encompasses both macrocoevolution with the external (local) environment and microcoevolution within the internal environment, i.e. among the MNC's parts (subsidiaries) and the whole, and the relations...