Using a longitudinal data set of balance sheets of 504 nonprofit and for-profit firms operating in the social residential sector in Italy, we investigate the relation between capital structure and type of enterprise. The nondistribution constraint typical of nonprofit organizations rises the...

In this paper we propose a moral hazard model to illustrate a credit crunch scenario. A firm is denied the access to bank funding due to high informational or monitoring costs that the bank must pay to induce the firm to behave. This is likely to happen in periods of recession, when trust...

This paper presents a moral hazard model of financing in which borrowers adopt two modes of finance, either issuing bonds or applying for bank loans. The bond rate is set by the borrowers, while the loan rate is chosen by a monopolisticbank. Bank finance ameliorates the moral hazard problem by...

We consider a start-up firm which applies for a bank loan to implement a project based on complementarity activities. The firm has the possibility to improve the complementarity effect by coordinating the activities. Coordination is costly and can be made either by using internal human resources...

Poor local information networks and weak social sanctions in urban settings make joint liability unable to guarantee high repayment rates to microlenders. Yet, microcredit programmes in Western Europe report good performance even if the majority of them charge no collateral. We collect data from...

We consider a start-up firm run by an owner-manager who applies for a bank loan to implement a project based on two complementary activities. Complementarity can be improved by coordinating the activities, either by the manager or by an internal employee to whom the task is delegated. In the...

This paper reviews recent literature on joint liability lending in microcredit markets characterized by adverse selection. This mode of lending consists of granting individual loans to wealthless borrowers provided that they form groups: if a group does not fully repay its obligations, then the...

This paper presents a moral hazard model of financing in which borrowers adopt two modes of f inance, either issuing bonds or applying for bank loans. The bond rate is set by the borrowers, while the loan rate is chosen by a monopolistic bank. Bank finance ameliorates the moral hazard problem by...

Poor local information networks and weak social sanctions in urban settings make joint liability unable to guarantee high repayment rates to microlenders. Yet, microcredit programmes in Western Europe report good performance even if the majority of them require no collateral. We collected data...

Under the principle of the Failing Firm Defense (FFD) a merger that would be blocked due to its harmful effect on competition could be nevertheless allowed when (i) the acquired firm is actually failing, (ii) there is no less anti-competitive alternative offer of purchase, (iii) absent the...