We document the development of the major international banks since the late 1990s, analysing balance-sheet data for 27 large and complex financial institutions. We argue that balance-sheet expansion and business line diversification paved the way for the rise of the universal banking model. This...

We document the development of the major international banks since the late 1990s, analysing balance-sheet data for 27 large and complex financial institutions. We argue that balance-sheet expansion and business line diversification paved the way for the rise of the universal banking model. This...

Large universal banks played a major role for Germany's industrialisation because they provided loans to the industry and thereby helped firms to overcome liquidity constraints. Previous research has also argued that they were equally important on the German stock market. The present paper...

Die Deutsche Bank war einst der mächtigste Konzern der Republik. Fast nichts geschah in Deutschland ohne Wissen der Banker aus Frankfurt. Ende der 1990er Jahre baute das Institut seine Machtposition aus, schloss zur Weltspitze auf. Ein einzigartiger Aufstieg, der unaufhaltsam schien. Mehr...