This paper looks at the basic economics of hub-and-spoke arrangements, and their legal treatment across OECD jurisdictions. It will include brief excursions into related topics such as information exchanges and resale price maintenance while seeking to glean some insights regarding practical...

This paper centers on recent developments in the maritime liner container shipping industry. Investigation focuses on the trade-offs between hub and spokes (H&S) organization of ports and ship size, between H&S and intermodalism, between H&S and development of forwarders, taking into account...

This paper offers the first formal economic analysis of carve-outs under airline antitrust im- munity. Carve-outs are designed to limit the potential anticompetitive effects of cooperation by alliance partners in hub-to-hub markets, where they provide overlapping nonstop service. While the paper...