Purpose: The overstocked goods flow in the hub of hub-and-spoke logistics network should be disposed of in time, to reduce delay loss and improve the utilization rate of logistics network resources. The problem we need to solve is to let logistics network cooperate by sharing network resources...

In distribution systems such as airlines and express package delivery, the use of hub-and-spoke networks is common, and flow consolidation at hub facilities is essential for cost reduction. While a constant discount factor is typically used to model cost reduction in interhub links, this paper...