for police unions provides a unique opportunity to examine these theories, as the police officers either receive their … requested wage or receive a lower one. In the months after New Jersey police officers lose in arbitration, arrest rates and … wage is further from the police union's demand. The findings support the idea that considerations of fairness …

police arrests. Arrests made near the end of an officer's shift typically require overtime work, and officers respond by … reducing arrest frequency but increasing arrest quality. Days in which an officer works a second job after their police shift …

This paper studies how imposing norms on contribution behavior affects individuals' intrinsic motivation. We consider … an urban area in Germany where the Catholic Church collects a local church levy as a charitable donation, despite the … fact that the levy is legally a tax. In cooperation with the church, we design a natural randomized field experiment with …