Because labor quality changes over the business cycle,the cyclicality of aggregate wages cannot reflect the true cyclical behavior of the price of labor inputs. To control for changes in labor quality, many researchers have examined the cyclical behavior of the price of labor inputs using...

Greenhouse gas reduction and energy consumption are becoming two important issues in both industrialized and developing countries, and policy makers are developing means to reduce total domestic energy use. We evaluate and compare the direct and the indirect energy consumption both in the...

Environmental concerns lead industries to implement gasified biomass (syngas) as a promising fuel in steel reheating furnaces. The impurities of syngas as well as a combination with iron oxide scale form complex mixtures with low melting points, and might cause corrosion on steel slabs. In this...

Zn(1-x)GaxO thin films (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 named as GZO1, GZO2, GZO3, GZO4, respectively) were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure, electrical, thermoelectric and magneto-thermoelectric properties of GZO films were investigated. It is found...

In this paper, we establish the upper semicontinuity and lower semicontinuity of solution mappings to a parametric generalized strong vector equilibrium problem with setvalued mappings by using a scalarization method and a density result. The results improve the corresponding ones in the...