The slacks-based measure (SBM) of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis (DEA) developed by Tone [Tone, K., 2002. A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 143, 32-41] is a non-radial super-efficiency model compared...

Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods assume that input and output variables are continuous. However, in many real managerial cases, some inputs and/or outputs can only take integer values. Simply rounding the performance targets to the nearest integers can lead to misleading...

In many settings, systems are composed of a group of independent sub-units. Each sub-unit produces the same set of outputs by consuming the same set of inputs. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) views such a system as a "black-box", and uses the sum of the respective inputs and outputs...