Cross-efficiency evaluation in data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been developed under the assumption of constant returns to scale (CRS), and no valid attempts have been made to apply the cross-efficiency concept to the variable returns to scale (VRS) condition. This is due to the fact that...

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Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been proven as an excellent data-oriented performance evaluation method when multiple inputs and outputs are present in a set of peer decision-making units (DMUs). In the DEA literature, a context-dependent DEA is developed to provide finer evaluation results...