We use questionnaire responses as well as new data sets to assess the deployment and effectiveness of macroprudential instruments for a sample of emerging market economies. First, we highlight the challenges that authorities face in the measurement of financial stability and systemic risk, the...

Most of the international macro models, in contrast to the data, imply a very high level of risk sharing across countries and very low real exchange rate (RER) volatility relative to output. In this paper we show that a standard two-country two-good model augmented with conintegrated TFP...

In response to the COVID-19 shock, many central banks in emerging market economies have launched local currency bond purchase programmes to address bond market dislocations, signalling that they were willing to take the role of a buyer of last resort. Local currency bond yields fell...