We propose a novel way to measure the rule of law intensity of exports at the goods level based on nearly 100 million disaggregated bilateral trade flows around the globe. We categorise goods into three groups: fragmented, primary and other. The theoretical literature on holdup problems...

Recent literature has analyzed three channels through which size and patterns of a country's involvement in international trade may affect the quality of its institutions: openness, the institutional intensity of exports and the natural resources exports. Our contribution is threefold. First, we...

This article examines the power of labor market rigidities (LMR) to influence export flows of 113 countries from 1995 to 2013 for up to 5018 different goods. Since LMR can alter the productive use of factors in the production process, I expect that the interplay of a country's LMR and the...

Alliances often provide a collective good among their allies. This article offers laboratory experimental evidence that the possibility to vote for the exclusion of non-cooperating allies, i.e. ostracism, can be a powerful negative referendum to increase allies' contributions to the collective...

This check-list presents a comprehensive overview of 'review clauses', that is to say, review, evaluation and reporting provisions contained in recent EU legislative acts and programmes. It is produced by the Policy Cycle Unit of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), the EP's...

In addition to its well-known role as a co-legislator, the European Parliament also supervises and scrutinises the work of the European Commission. The Parliament can therefore ask the Commission to take action to fulfil its role as guardian of the Treaties and to contribute to the improved...

This check-list presents a comprehensive overview of review clauses , that is to say, review, evaluation and reporting provisions contained in recent EU legislative acts and programmes. It is produced by the Policy Cycle Unit of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), the EP's...

The paper extends the literature on the political economy of labour market institutions by developing a framework in which owners of capital can benefit from both greater labour market flexibility and better rule of law. Their choice of location of manufacturing centres can, therefore, by...