substantial heterogeneity in the findings on spillovers across different specifications of the model or sector studied …

estimate whether the gender status of firms' ownership in FDI recipient countries matters for the size of knowledge spillovers … ownership structure of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) is also vital for spillovers between MNEs and local firms. Our results … out these gains potentially. Female gendered MNEs also impose a similar penalty on knowledge spillovers. As a policy …

intermediate inputs from them. We also find evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting. Exporting by foreign-owned plants … generates positive spillovers in all directions: to their suppliers, customers, and to other plants in the same industry …

This paper extends the literature on productivity spillovers from inward FDI. We use comparable industry level data for … 17 OECD countries and investigate the importance of horizontal and vertical spillovers, and differences between CEEC and … other OECD countries. Results show that there is evidence for spillovers through vertical backward linkages between …