also to the Chinese joint venture partner firm. Third, with technology spillovers typically outweighing negative … externalities are large, perhaps twice the size of wholly-owned FDI spillovers, and it is R&D-intensive firms, including the joint …

lead to spillovers to the overseas firm providing the financing and the nation where it is based. We show that despite the … 1976 and 2015, we find evidence consistent with the presence of knowledge spill-overs to foreign investors …