sources of induced spillovers from foreign direct investment. This article evaluates the empirical evidence on productivity …, wage, and export spillovers in developing, developed, and transition economies. Although theory can identify a range of … possible spillover channels, robust empirical support for positive spillovers is at best mixed. The article explores the …

effects can explain the lack of horizontal spillovers arising in traditional model designs. We also find these effects to vary …

generating significant spillovers. This paper, however, questions this and shows that, while clusters can generate significant … productivity spillovers from FDI, this only occurs in pre-existing clusters. Further, the paper demonstrates that foreign …-owned firms that enter clusters also appropriate spillovers when domestic firms undertake investment, raising the possibility that …