Of the new members entering the European Union (EU) in May 2004, several had achieved a decade of impressive export growth, expanding significantly their shares of world markets. The empirical analysis shows that over the period 1994–2004, quality and technology upgrading associated with the...

This paper analyzes competitiveness in the Baltics in the run-up to European Union accession. Several factors appear to have driven movements in equilibrium real exchange rates in the Baltics since the start of the transition process. In the earlier years of transition, price liberalization,...

Large current account deficits in Estonia and Latvia, and the continued real appreciation of the exchange rate in Lithuania, have prompted concerns about the competitiveness of the Baltic economies, and called into question the sustainability of their current fixed exchange rate arrangements....

<P>1 Introduction -- Poland thirty years on: 1989-2019</P><P>Anna Visvizi, Anna Matysek-Jędrych and Katarzyna Mroczek-Dąbrowska </P><P>2 Transition and transformation: the case of Poland</P><P>Anna Visvizi and Katarzyna Żukrowska </P><P>3 Trade and financial openness of the Polish economy in the context of economic growth...</p></p></p></p></p>

Die polnische Landwirtschaft weist eine Reihe von Merkmalen auf, die typisch für Agrarsektoren in Entwicklungsländern sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet ein Beitritt zur EU für die polnische Landwirtschaft sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Dabei wird Polen nicht in der Lage sein, seine...

This paper examines the state of innovation in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern EU countries. Despite increased innovation capacity, the region faces significant challenges threatening its growth and competitiveness, including severe skills shortages, uneven productivity, and barriers to...

This country study finds that Poland stands at a crossroads and explores what mix of macroeconomic and structural policies would be most efficient in lifting the Polish economy to a new equilibrium, placing it on a fast-convergence track. Public finance reform, deepening competitiveness and...