In this paper, we develop static and dynamic models of global supply chains as networks with three tiers of decision-makers: manufacturers, retailers, and consumers associated with the demand markets, who compete within a tier but cooperate between tiers. The decision-makers may be based in the...

Procuring requested relief items, while ensuring an available budget, is an essential task in humanitarian logistics. Humanitarian organizations(HOs) are facing difficult decisions about procurement portfolios (i.e., prepositioning-versus-emergency procurement) and fund-raising strategies. We...

Without using a technical language, but using the universal language of mathematics, we provide simple but significant laws, as Deficit Formula, Balance Law and Liability Formula, for the management of the world economy. Decisions, under these laws, for the recovery of the economy and for the...