important challenges to decision-makers. The above is related to the problem of specification of mechanisms resulting in … introducing ecological innovations to the economy. The original vision of the economic evolution determined by innovation was … technology from the market, by incorporating Hurwicz apparatus in a suitably modified competitive economy. Qualitative properties …

-- soliciting a particular technology -- or a bottom-up approach in which innovators suggest ideas. This paper examines a reform to … the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … solicit specific technologies, to "Open topics," which invite firms to suggest any new technology that may be useful to the …

If innovation is to be subsidized, a natural place to start is to increase the quantity and quality of human capital …. Innovation, after all, begins with people. Simply stimulating the "demand side" through R&D subsidies and tax breaks may only … can both directly increase innovation and reduce its cost. This paper examines the evidence on human capital policies for …