labor supply, tax avoidance and evasion, and geographic mobility. But one margin that taxes may affect -- innovation -- is … less frequently considered. Conceptually, taxes reduce the expected net returns to innovation inputs and can reduce … innovation. Much like other margins of responses to taxes, this efficiency cost must be taken into account. Innovation is done by …

This paper explores the economic incentives for medical procedure innovation. Using a proprietary dataset on billing … code applications for emerging medical procedures, we highlight two mechanisms that could hinder innovation. First, the … administrative hurdle of securing permanent, reimbursable billing codes substantially delays innovation diffusion. We find that …

This book examines regional responses to marginality by highlighting social innovation, local capacity and new path … regional and local scales. The first part focuses on the role of social innovation and illustrates the themes of social … innovation and new localism, local revitalization and social entrepreneurship. The second part then addresses the issues of …