This paper empirically investigates potential effects of economic recessions on consumers¡¯ decision making process for recreational activities using the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) data during the Great Recession. We employ the Probit model to study how changes in income affect the...

Chow (1985, 2010, 2011) reports indirect evidence for the permanent income hypothesis using time series observations in China. We revisit this issue by addressing direct evidence of the predictability of consumption growth in China during the post-economic reform regime (1978-2009) as well as...