of employment, but is also a constraining factor for economic development worldwide. While there is a sizeable pool of … literature on the underlying barriers to female employment, it remains unclear how these barriers play out across different world …

This note examines the factors behind global employment gender gaps, highlighting labor force participation (LFP) rates … as a key contributor. Analysis of 2022 data shows most countries have higher employment for men than for women, driven …

for selection into the labour force and employment or not. Notwithstanding this, the data appear to reveal a decline in …

production productivity. Therefore, most of the gender differences in the labor market can be closed by providing wives the same …

no real effect. If the fine is collected and kept by the government, it shifts employment away from the workers it seeks … to help, to others, depressing the total employment. In contrast, levying a tax on the favored workers effectively curbs … employment. …