How does conflict exposure affect trust? We hypothesize that direct (firsthand) experience with conflict induces … improve. Indirect exposure to conflict through third-party accounts, on the other hand, reduces trust toward everyone. We find …-Muslim conflict during 1999-2002, as well as in three cross-country datasets exploiting temporal and spatial variation in exposure to …

We investigate situations in which players make costly contributions as group members in a group conflict, and at the … asymmetry and complementarity in members' efforts, and analyze how each group's internal conflict in-fluences its chance of … winning in the external conflict. We find that a more symmetric group may expend more effort in external conflict when the …

We investigate situations in which players make costly contributions as group members in a group conflict, and at the … asymmetry and complementarity in members’ efforts, and analyze how each group’s internal conflict in-fluences its chance of … winning in the external conflict. We find that a more symmetric group may expend more effort in external conflict when the …

partly spills over into the next period, by affecting relative conflict efficiency. Our model generates non …-monotone evolution of both conflict and distribution. Results suggest that external interventions, when effective in reducing current … conflict and protecting weaker groups, may end up sowing the seeds of greater future conflict. …