We consider the optimal ship navigation problem wherein the goal is to find the shortest path between two given coordinates in the presence of obstacles subject to safety distance and turn-radius constraints. These obstacles can be debris, rock formations, small islands, ice blocks, other ships,...

Entrepreneurship holds a crucial and integral role in achieving internationally agreed sustainable development goals covering a broad range of problems related, but not limited, to decent work, economic growth, and poverty. However, developing countries often lack capital-raising mechanisms and...

This study investigates alternative equity-based financing models and proposes a waqf-owned (that could also be called philanthropy-, endowment-, trust-, foundation-, and third sector-based) financial intermediary (WOFI). We do so by developing the agent-based model and scenario-based computer...

Entrepreneurs and SMEs hold a crucial role in reaching a sustainable future by promoting decent work, innovation-driven development, and thus inequality reduction, which all fall into the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In hydrocarbon-based rentier states, however, large enterprises are...

The retreat of the ice around the freezing waters of the Arctic Ocean is opening new waterways where shipping activity could transport commodities between continents. One of the essential products is natural gas - LNG, which is transported in large tankers from exporters to importers. This study...

Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is an alternative method to transport natural gas (NG), more versatile than pipeline gas, and helps increasing the availability, affordability and use of NG compared to carbon-intensive coal and oil. In the LNG market, various expansions projects have been planned and...