We find that, from 1970 to 2006, the GDPs of 181 countries are described by a log-normal with a power law tail before 1992, but by a kinked power law distribution after 1992. In the 15 years from 1992 to 2006, there are two obvious scale-free zones for annual GDPs, ranked from the largest to...

This paper analyzes the status of public debt management performance in 17 small states through the findings of the Debt Management Performance Assessment reports. Empirical evidence indicates that the higher the quality of a country's policies and institutions, the better is its capacity to...

This paper investigates the impact of diversity on corporate philanthropy. Compared to previous studies that have considered the influence of board diversity and CEO gender on corporate philanthropy, this study introduces the concept of operational diversity, which is the implementation of...

In order to improve the worsening air pollution problem in Chinese cities, Chinese government has been vigorously developing the building of urban forest under the policy of “government leading, market driving and residents participating”. However, residents are still unwilling to join in...

MgH2 was prepared by HCS (hydriding combustion synthesis) method, and the as-prepared product (HCS MgH2) was further combined with LiAlH4 by mechanical milling in order to form a new composite of HCS MgH2 + LiAlH4. Structural and hydrogen storage properties of the HCS MgH2 + LiAlH4 composite...

We study the critical properties of the S4 model on diamond-type hierarchical lattices in the presence of an external magnetic field. It is assumed that for this type of inhomogenous fractal lattice, the Gaussian distribution constant, the four-spins interaction parameter and the external...

We provide empirical evidence that support both 'outcome' and 'substitute' models of agency theories related to cash holding. Local long-term institutional investors are associated with lower excess cash in firms with less growth and easier access to external financing, and with higher excess...